![]() ![]() Glucocorticoid replacement is needed in all forms of AI. Diagnosis is by demonstrating hypocortisolism (via cortisol and ACTH levels and ACTH-stimulation test) and determining the etiology (adrenal autoantibodies, imaging). ![]() Adrenal insufficiency can also occur because of decreased production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from disease in the pituitary gland (secondary) or hypothalamic disorders and prolonged glucocorticoid therapy (tertiary). ![]() Primary AI, also called Addison’s disease, is caused by adrenal gland disorder (autoimmune disease, infections, and malignancy, among others). Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is the inadequate production of adrenocortical hormones: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and adrenal androgens. ![]()
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